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Abstract
One in three adults worldwide has hypertension, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a global demand for continuous and non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurements that are convenient, easy to use, and more accurate than the currently available methods for detecting hypertension. This could easily be achieved through the integration of single-site photoplethysmography (PPG) readings into wearable devices, although improved reliability and an understanding of BP estimation accuracy are essential. This review paper focuses on understanding the features of PPG associated with BP and examines the development of this technology over the 2010–2019 period in terms of validation, sample size, diversity of subjects, and datasets used. Challenges and opportunities to move single-site PPG forward are also discussed.
Highlights
Hypertension is a global public health challenge, and its detection, control, and monitoring remain top priorities [1]
Our findings showed that automated blood pressure (BP) cuff‐based measu8r o).f 14
As the volume of research grows in the near future and more evidence is gathered, single-measurement PPG may offer a promising mechanism for continuous non-invasive BP measurement
Summary
Hypertension is a global public health challenge, and its detection, control, and monitoring remain top priorities [1]. Common non-invasive methods of assessing BP include cuff-based auscultatory and automated BP measurements. Cuff-based approaches cannot continuously measure BP, since a 1 to 2 min pause is needed for both cardiodynamic recovery and minimization of measurement errors [3]. Another limitation is that BP measurement is dependent upon adequate inflation of the cuff and compression of the limb. The evidence suggests that continuous BP monitoring is integral to the detection, control, and treatment of hemodynamic diseases, such as hypotension and hypertension [4], but the ability to measure BP in this way is currently limited. A novel strategy is critically needed to measure BP both continuously and non-invasively
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