Cuestionarios de evaluación e intervención espiritual en cuidados paliativos: una revisión crítica

Abstract

AimThe current study has 2 aims. The first one is to present a review of the measures of spirituality in the Spanish palliative care context. The second, to compare the construct of the tools reviewed from the anthropological approach provided by the spirituality model of the Spirituality Group of the Spanish Society for Palliative Care. MethodThe review followed 5 steps: 1. To identify the spirituality measures used in relevant studies; 2. To determine the tools with the appropriate psychometric properties; 3. To classify these measures depending on the type of tool; 4. To identify the spirituality measures that have been validated in a Spanish sample; and 5. To study the spiritual content of the transculturally validated measures. ResultsThe data bases collected 751 scientific papers, 128 of which were identified as relevant. Among them, 57 spirituality measures were obtained, which were categorised into: general multidimensional measures (n=22), functional spirituality measures (n=21), and substantive spirituality measures (n=14). Among these, 9 tools were transculturally validated. The spiritual content analysis of these 9 tools showed the presence of the spirituality dimensions defined by the Spirituality Group: intra-, inter-, and trans-personal. DiscussionThe results found were put in relationship with the current literature, and some of the limitations of the measurement tools are shown, and also how the Spirituality Group of the Spanish Society for Palliative Care attempts to mitigate them.