Cubic–quartic optical solitons in birefringent fibers with Kaup–Newell equation using different arithmatic algorithms

Abstract

This paper studies cubic–quartic optical solitons in birefringent fiber with the Kaup–Newell equation for the first time. Bright and singular solitons are recovered by the addendum to Kudryashov’s method and unified Riccati equation expansion method. These solitons depend on certain parameter restrictions which are also listed in this paper.