Abstract
The intent of this research was to present numerical solutions to homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of a Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid induced by a stretching or shrinking sheet with a convective boundary condition. A proper similarity variable was applied to the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) and converted into a system of ordinary (similarity) differential equations (ODEs). These equations were solved using Matlab’s in-built function (bvp4c) for various values of the governing parameters numerically. The present investigation considered the effects of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions and magnetic field in the hybrid nanofluid flow. It was observed that dual solutions were visible for the shrinking sheet, and an analysis of stability was done to determine the physically realizable in the practice of these solutions. It was also concluded that hybrid nanofluid acts as a cooler for some increasing parameters. The magnetohydrodynamic parameter delayed the boundary layer separation; meanwhile, the nanoparticle volume fraction quickened the separation of the boundary layer that occurred. In addition, the first solution of hybrid nanofluid was found to be stable; meanwhile, the second solution was not stable. This study is therefore valuable for engineers and scientists to get acquainted with the properties of hybrid nanofluid flow, its behavior and the way to predict it.
Highlights
Stagnation-point flow, describing the fluid motion near the stagnation region of a solid surface at the front of a blunt-nosed body, exists in both cases of a fixed or moving body in a fluid
The steady 2D MHD stagnation point boundary layer flow of Cu-Al2 O3 /water hybrid nanofluid induced by a stretching or shrinking sheet was investigated, where the x-axis was measured along the plate and the y-axis was normal to it
We investigated the problem of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions in the MHD stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid induced by a stretching/shrinking sheet with a convective boundary condition
Summary
Stagnation-point flow, describing the fluid motion near the stagnation region of a solid surface at the front of a blunt-nosed body, exists in both cases of a fixed or moving body in a fluid. After Huminic and Huminic’s [21] research, hybrid nanofluids have become a new class of working fluids containing very small particles with sizes less than 100 nm and are important in applications involving heat transfer. Such fluids consist of two solid materials, for example, Al2 O3 –Cu, Al2 O3 –Ag, Cu–TiO2 and Cu–CuO, in traditional liquids (water, kerosene, ethylene glycol and engine oil). The homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid induced by a stretching/shrinking surface with a convective boundary condition were numerically studied.
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