Abstract
Current potentiometric Cu2+ sensors mostly rely on polymer-membrane-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) that constitute ion-selective membranes (ISM) and solid contact (SC) for respective ion recognition and ion-to-electron transduction. Herein, we report an ISM-free Cu2+-SC-ISE based on Cu–Mn oxide (Cu1.4Mn1.6O4) as a bifunctional SC layer. The starting point is simplifying complex multi-interfaces for Cu2+-SC-ISEs. Specifically, ion recognition and signal transduction have been achieved synchronously by an ion-coupled-electron transfer of crystal ion transport and electron transfer of Mn4+/3+ in Cu1.4Mn1.6O4. The proposed Cu1.4Mn1.6O4 electrode discloses comparable sensitivity, response time, high selectivity and stability compared with present ISM-based potentiometric Cu2+ sensors. In addition, the Cu1.4Mn1.6O4 electrode also exhibits near Nernstian responses toward Cu2+ in natural water background. This work emphasizes an ISM-free concept and presents a scheme for the development of potentiometric Cu2+ sensors.
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