Abstract
Energy conservation is one of the most critical challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are incredibly resource-constrained and possess miniature power sources, small memory, and limited processing ability. Clustering is a popular method to avoid duplicate data transfer from the participant node to the destination. The selection of the cluster head (CH) plays a crucial role in gathering and aggregating the data from the cluster members and forwarding the data to the sink node. The inefficient CH selection causes packet failures during the data transfer and early battery depletion nearer to the sink. This paper proposes a cluster tree-based routing protocol (CT-RPL) to increase the life span of the network and avoid the data traffic among the network nodes. The CT-RPL involves three processes, namely cluster formation, cluster head selection, and route establishment. The cluster is formed based on the Euclidean distance. The CH selection is accomplished using a game theoretic approach. Finally, the route is established using the metrics residual energy ratio (RER), queue utilization (QU), and expected transmission count (ETX). The simulation is carried out by using a COOJA simulator. The efficiency of a CT-RPL is compared with the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) and energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing (E2HRC-RPL), which reduces the traffic load and decreases the packet loss ratio. Thus, the CT-RPL enhances the lifetime of the network by 30–40% and the packet delivery ratio by 5–10%.
Highlights
In today’s world, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a platform for the researchers to extend communication paradigm to new and varied levels
The route establishment process is based on the metric queue utilization (QU) and expected transmission count (ETX) to select the optimal cluster head (CH) parent for efficient data transfer and to extend the lifespan of the network
The cluster tree-based routing protocol (CT-RPL) reduces the network traffic and avoids a bottleneck problem at the root. It is achieved by considering the routing metrics expected transmission count (ETX), residual energy ratio (RER), and queue utilization (QU) for data transmission
Summary
In today’s world, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a platform for the researchers to extend communication paradigm to new and varied levels. Recent works have focused on the multiple routing metrics for selecting the parent to establish an efficient route These works consider the routing metric residual energy and battery depletion index [24], queue utilization and expected transmission count, survivability of path, congestion, and interference so as to extend the network lifetime in different scenarios [25]. The route establishment process is based on the metric queue utilization (QU) and expected transmission count (ETX) to select the optimal CH parent for efficient data transfer and to extend the lifespan of the network. The CT-RPL reduces the network traffic and avoids a bottleneck problem at the root It is achieved by considering the routing metrics expected transmission count (ETX), residual energy ratio (RER), and queue utilization (QU) for data transmission.
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