Abstract
BackgroundAlopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss around the body. Gene variants of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, a negative regulator of T-cell response, have been associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, the involvement of these genetic variants in the development of AA is controversial. ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the potential association of two CTLA4 gene variants with alopecia areata in a Mexican population. MethodsWe genotyped +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) variants in 50 AA patients and 100 healthy control participants through PCR-RFLP. ResultsNo statistical difference was observed for either of the gene variants regarding allele or genotype frequencies between AA patients and the controls when the parameters of family/personal history of autoimmune diseases or gender were considered (p>0.05). Study limitations: Small sample size of patients and the data were obtained from Northeast Mexico population. ConclusionThe genetic variants rs231775 and rs3087243 of the CTLA4 gene are not a risk factor for the development of alopecia areata in the analyzed Mexican population.
Highlights
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss through the body at any age.[1]
Various genes of the immune system have been reported to contribute to the development of this disease, such as the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), interleukin (IL) genes, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 6 or CD95 (FAS) and factor superfamily member or CD95 (FAS) ligand (FASL) among others.[5,6]
Several tests were performed for both genetic variants in order to assess the Hardy---Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (Table 1) all of which had a p > 0.05, indicating that rs231775 and rs3087243 gene variants were in HWE in both AA patients and controls
Summary
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss through the body at any age.[1] AA is commonly presented as single or multiple rounded patches, complete baldness may occur, which is called AA totalis. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss around the body. Gene variants of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, a negative regulator of T-cell response, have been associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases in different populations; the involvement of these genetic variants in the development of AA is controversial. Objective: The present study evaluated the potential association of two CTLA4 gene variants with alopecia areata in a Mexican population. CTLA4 +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants are not associated with alopecia areata in a Mexican population from Monterrey Mexico.
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