Abstract
CTLA-4 has long been associated with control of autoimmunity. A recent study by Sharpe and colleagues explores this relationship in a model that enables conditional deletion of CTLA-4 in adult mice, with some surprising new conclusions.
Highlights
Nakayamada, S. et al (2011) Early Th1 cell differentiation is marked by a Tfh cell-like transition
L. et al (2015) The transcription factor TCF-1 initiates the differentiation of TFH cells during acute viral infection
Adoptive transfer experiments were performed in which both T regulatory (Treg) cells and Tconv cells were injected into recipient mice, but CTLA-4 deficiency was restricted to the latter: these experiments revealed a subtle increase in Tconv cell number in the absence of CTLA-4, proliferative responses to MOG peptide or antiCD3 and cytokine differentiation in vitro were not altered
Summary
Adoptive transfer experiments were performed in which both T regulatory (Treg) cells and Tconv cells were injected into recipient mice, but CTLA-4 deficiency was restricted to the latter: these experiments revealed a subtle increase in Tconv cell number in the absence of CTLA-4, proliferative responses to MOG peptide or antiCD3 and cytokine differentiation in vitro were not altered. In keeping with previous work, the authors observed a dramatic expansion of the Treg cell population in CTLA-4-deleted mice, reflecting a marked increase in their proliferation ($60% Treg cells were Ki67+ in CTLA-4-deleted mice as compared to $30% in controls) [1].
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