CTBP1/RBP1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein which binds to T-rich single-stranded DNA containing the 11-bp core sequence of autonomously replicating sequence, is a poly(deoxypyrimidine)-binding protein.

Abstract

South-Western screening of a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein library constructed from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA lead to isolation of core T-rich-strand-binding protein (CTBP) clones that bound to single-stranded DNA containing the T-rich-strand of the 11-bp core sequence of autonomously replicating sequences. One of these clones, CTBP1, contains a portion of previously described RBP1 which is an RNA-binding and single-stranded DNA-binding protein of S. cerevisiae. GST-CTBP1 as well as the full-length fusion protein with RBP1 (GST-RBP1) bind exclusively to the T-rich strand of the core sequence with an apparent dissociation constant of 5 nM, but not to the A-rich strand or double strand of the same sequence. Mutations within the core which reduce the number of T or C residues decrease the affinity of this protein. In keeping with this, binding of GST-CTBP1 to the core sequence is efficiently completed by poly(dT), poly(dT-dC) or poly(dC), but not by poly(dA) or poly(dG) to significant extents. Among polyribonucleic acids, GST-CTBP1 binds to poly(U) and poly(I) with greatest affinity, whereas GST-RBP1 binds to RNA in a rather non-specific manner. In no cases was affinity for RNA greater than that for DNA. Our results indicate that CTBP1/RBP1 is a polydeoxypyrimidine-binding protein of S. cerevisiae. CTBP1 contains two sets of an RNA-recognition motif (RRM) and a glutamine stretch. The binding affinity of the N-terminal or C-terminal set containing one RRM and one glutamine stretch is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild-type CTBP1 containing both sets. The isolated N-terminal or C-terminal RRM alone (RRM1 and RRM2, respectively) is sufficient for binding nucleic acids with the binding specificity similar to that of the wild-type RRM, although the binding affinity of the isolated RRM2 is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of RRM1. Our results indicate that the two RRMs present in CTBP1/RBP1 have differential binding affinities and that the high affinity of RRM for polydeoxypyrimidine results from synergy between two lower-affinity RRMs.