CT semiotics of traumatic and bon-traumatic spleen injures

Abstract

Purpose. To demonstrate capabilities and features in spleen pathology diagnostics based on clinical experience of Botkin City Hospital.Materials and methods. The analysis of 89 patients with spleen abnormalities was performed in the term from 01/2014 till 08/2020. All the patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancing. All cases verified surgically and/or clinically.Results. There were 37 cases of trauma (42%). Accuracy and precision of the method was 100%. In detection of active bleeding the highest diagnostic accuracy (100%) was shown with extravasation symptom – 7 cases. In non-traumatic group (n = 52, 58%) two biggest sub-groups were abscesses (n = 19, 36% in this group) and infarctions (n = 15, 29%). There were 8 cases of cysts (15%), 3 of them – hydatid, 5 cases of spleen hemangiomas. (9.6%), 3 cases of spleen metastases (6%). There was 1 case of angiosarcoma (2%) and 1 case cystic lymphangioma (2%).Conclusion. The most frequent condition in spleen pathology, diagnosed in radiology department is trauma. In non-traumatic cases two biggest groups are abscesses and infarctions. CT features of spleen infarction are pyramidal wedge of hypoperfused splenic tissue with the apex pointing towards the hilum, and the base on the splenic capsule. In all cases in our study cysts were incidental findings. Spleen metastases are rare due to organ hemodynamics. The most rare lesions of the spleen are primal tumors.