CT-analysis of the course of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease—Patterns of involvement

Abstract

Objective To describe the main patterns of distribution of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and their chronological course. Methods Twenty-five adult patients (17 men, 8 women, mean age 47 years) were enrolled from 11/2003 to 11/2007. All patients underwent abdominopelvic CT shortly after onset of GVHD-related symptoms and also at follow up. The mean number of CT examinations per patient was 3.2 ± 2.7 with a total of 81 in a median time period of 97 days after HCT. The gastrointestinal tract was divided into 7 segments. Gastrointestinal abnormalities were defined as follows: presence of wall thickening (>4 mm), increased mucosal enhancement, bowel dilatation (>3 cm for the small bowel, >8 cm for the colon), fluid-filled loops of the bowel, bowel loop separation and double-halo sign. Results 40% (10/25) of the patients presented a classical pattern of evolution of involved segments by GI-GVHD. In these cases, especially the small bowel was initially involved showing a retreat with time towards the terminal ileum with longer length of stay in this location. 28% (7/25) of the patients presented with a nonclassical permanently migratory involvement of the GI jumping from one GI segment to another. Other 32% (8/25) of our patients revealed a nonclassical persistent, unchanged involvement pattern of GI involvement by GVHD at time. Conclusion Contrary to existing reports, our data collected in 25 patients diagnosed with GI-GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation suggest the presence of three different courses (classical, nonclassical migratory and nonclassical persistent) of this disorder. Awareness of this knowledge enables more accurate risk stratification.