Abstract
The concept of corporate responsibility and accountability has become more critical among organizations. This paper used an advanced text mining technique to comprehensively analyze 1,235 articles on three representative concepts of corporate responsibility – i.e., corporate social responsibility (CSR), ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance), and corporate citizenship. We objectively and comprehensively evaluated the differences and commonalities among the three concepts by conducting term frequency analysis and correlated topic modeling. As a result, we found that corporate citizenship is not only a high-level concept that encompasses ESG and CSR, but also a broad concept with missions that must affect various areas of society. The results also showed that employees, as the principal agents of corporate citizenship practice, are the most critical factor among various stakeholders of corporate citizenship.
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