Abstract
The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) with its headquarters at Dona Paula, Goa, and regional centres at Kochi, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam, is one of the 37 constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi. CSIR-NIO was established on 1 January 1966 as the most important outcome of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), the largest international collaborative effort ever undertaken in the oceans. The institute has since grown into a multidisciplinary oceanographic research institution of international repute. The principal focus of research has been on observing and understanding special oceanographic characteristics of the Indian Ocean.
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