Abstract
Since Brindley evoked a visual sensation in a blind patient by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex, some groups have been committing to develop visual prosthesis based on electrical stimulation over the remaining structures of the visual pathway to restore lost vision caused by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). As the widespread availability of micro-manufacturing being introduced into the building of novel interfaces to the nervous system, there are four approaches to a visual prosthesis being currently pursued, including visual cortex, epi-retinal, sub-retinal and optic nerve prostheses.
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