Abstract
Bacteriophages produce endolysins that target and cleave the hosts peptidoglycan to release their progeny at the end of the infection cycle. These proteins can be used for the eradication of pathogenic bacteria, but also for their detection. Endolysins may contain a single catalytic domain or several domains, including a cell wall binding domain. To understand their function in detail and design mutated or chimeric molecules with novel properties, knowledge of their structures and detailed mechanisms is necessary. X-ray protein crystallography is an excellent method to obtain high-resolution structures of biological macromolecules, and here we describe the method and the folds of known endolysin domains.
Highlights
Bacteriophages are a promising treatment for antibiotic-resistant pathogens (Coffey and Buttimer; 2020)
Bacteriophages produce endolysins that target and cleave the hosts peptidoglycan to release their progeny at the end of the infection cycle
These proteins can be used for the eradication of pathogenic bacteria, and for their detection
Summary
Bacteriophages (phages) are a promising treatment for antibiotic-resistant pathogens (Coffey and Buttimer; 2020). X-ray protein crystallography is an excellent method to obtain high-resolution structures of biological macromolecules, and here we describe the method and the folds of known endolysin domains. Mutagenesis and protein truncation can be used to modify the lytic and antibacterial activity, cell-wall binding domain dependence, specificity, half-life and thermostability of endolysins.
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