Abstract
Abstract X-ray crystallography is the most powerful method for determination of macromolecular three-dimensional structures, and it has made enduring contributions to the understanding of the function of protein kinases and phosphatases. Determination of protein crystal structures requires single crystals that are suitable for high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis (Figure 1).Crystallization will only occur within a limited range of conditions that need to be empirically determined. Despite numerous successful crystallization experiments, our understanding of protein cry st allogenesis and macromolecular crystal growth processes remains limited. Crystallization of proteins can be broken down into two aspects: screening (based mainly on trial and error),where one attempts to obtain crystals; and optimization, where one strives to improve the diffraction quality of the crystals.
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