Abstract
Ti-2.5Zr-5.0Hf-37.5Cu-7.5Ni-1.0Si-5.0Sn (at.%) BMG has been successfully manufactured in amorphous powder with a size of about 25 μm (D50). Using this amorphous powder, a Ti-based BMG was manufactured by an additive manufacturing process based on a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. In 3D printing processes using amorphous powders, it is necessary and important to understand the crystallization behavior due to the difference in energy density applied to the powders. An LPBF process has been carried out with various energy density conditions to minimize the inner defects and identify the sound mechanical properties of 3D-printed BMG parts. At the lowest energy density condition (3.0 J/mm3), the most pores were generated. Even if the same energy density (3.0 J/mm3) was applied, the rapid laser movement caused many pores to form inside the material. The relatively sound 3D-printed Ti-based BMG was successfully fabricated with a size of about 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm. Peaks at 41° and 44° showing crystallization were observed in all conditions. The higher the laser power was, the greater each peak intensity and the more crystallization (CuTi, Ti3Cu4, etc.) was present in the BMG, and the higher the scan speed, the more the internal defects were found.
Highlights
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are solidified without crystallization even in slow cooling after melting
Since the 3D printing process is carried out using a BMG powder, crystallization can occur in the manufactured BMGs due to refusion and resolidification by the laser heat source applied in the process [29,30]
The sound Ti-based BMG 3D-printed specimens were manufactured with a size of 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm to provide basic research data for the optimal process conditions for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM of Ti-based BMG powders, and the correlation between crystallization and hardness property was evaluated according to the process conditions through microstructure observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and micro-hardness measurement for the specimens manufactured under different conditions
Summary
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are solidified without crystallization even in slow cooling after melting They have high strength and hardness at the level of intermetallic compounds, and have elastic strain limits similar to polymer materials because they fail to arrange regular crystal structures and represent disorderly arrangement compared with that of crystalline metals [1,2]. It has corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance comparable to that of ceramic materials, so it is a promising industrial material that goes beyond the traditional metal properties [3,4,5,6]. The sound Ti-based BMG 3D-printed specimens were manufactured with a size of 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm to provide basic research data for the optimal process conditions for the LPBF AM of Ti-based BMG powders, and the correlation between crystallization and hardness property was evaluated according to the process conditions through microstructure observation, XRD analysis, and micro-hardness measurement for the specimens manufactured under different conditions
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