Abstract
In this study, the viability of a wide range of crystalline aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids as organocatalysts has been investigated for solvent-free Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis under microwave activation. Among these potential catalysts, crystalline salicylic acid proved to be a remarkable catalyst because its efficiency remained high even under low microwave power irradiation or a shorter reaction time for the model reaction. The outstanding catalytic activity of salicylic acid allowed the Paal–Knorr cyclocondensation with a turnover frequency up to 1472 h−1 which is unique in the context of a metal-free homogeneous catalysis. The attractive feature of this organocatalyst is its assistance in ultrafast pyrrole synthesis with no risk of metal contamination. Synopsis: A green and expeditious protocol for the synthesis of 2,5-dimethylpyrroles via combination of salicylic acid as catalyst (in its solid state) and microwaves has been introduced.
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