Abstract
Manganese L-tartrate dihydrate, L-MnC4H4O6·2H2O, and manganese DL-tartrate dihydrate, DL-MnC4H4O6·2H2O, crystals were grown at room temperature by the gel method using silica gels as the growth medium. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on both crystals. The space group symmetries (monoclinic P21 and P2/c) and structural parameters of the crystals were determined at room temperature. Both structures consisted of slightly distorted MnO6 octahedra, C4H4O6 and H2O molecules, and O–H···O hydrogen-bonding frameworks between adjacent molecules. Weight losses due to thermal decomposition of the crystals were found to occur in the temperature range of 300–1150 K. We inferred that the weight losses were caused by the evaporation of bound 2H2O molecules, and the evolutions of gases from C4H4O4 and of (1/2)O2 gas from MnO2, and that the residual black substance left in the vessels after decomposition was manganese oxide (MnO).
Highlights
IntroductionMany tartrate compounds are formed by reacting tartaric acid with compounds containing positive ions (two monovalent cations or one divalent cation) (Desai & Patel, 1988; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017a; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017b; Fukami & Tahara, 2018; Labutina, Marychev, Portnov, Somov, & Chuprunov, 2011)
Many tartrate compounds are formed by reacting tartaric acid with compounds containing positive ions (Desai & Patel, 1988; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017a; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017b; Fukami & Tahara, 2018; Labutina, Marychev, Portnov, Somov, & Chuprunov, 2011)
We describe the synthesis of manganese L-tartrate dihydrate L-MnC4H4O6·2H2O and manganese DL-tartrate dihydrate DL-MnC4H4O6·2H2O crystals by the gel method, and determine their crystal structures at room temperature using single-crystal X-ray diffraction
Summary
Many tartrate compounds are formed by reacting tartaric acid with compounds containing positive ions (two monovalent cations or one divalent cation) (Desai & Patel, 1988; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017a; Fukami, Hiyajyo, Tahara, & Yasuda, 2017b; Fukami & Tahara, 2018; Labutina, Marychev, Portnov, Somov, & Chuprunov, 2011). Tartaric acid (chemical formula: C4H6O6; systematic name: 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid) has two chiral carbon atoms in its structure, which provides the possibility for four possible different forms of chiral, racemic, and achiral isomers: L(+)-tartaric, D(-)-tartaric, racemic (DL-) tartaric, and meso-tartaric acid (Bootsma & Schoone, 1967; Fukami, Tahara, Yasuda, & Nakasone, 2016; Song, Teng, Dong, Ma, & Sun, 2006) Some of these compounds are of interest because of their physical properties, their excellent dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and nonlinear optical properties (Abdel-Kader et al, 1991; Firdous, Quasim, Ahmad, & Kotru, 2010; Torres et al, 2002). Yanes et al have grown manganese tartrate crystals by the gel method, and performed measurements of dielectric and magnetic properties, infrared spectroscopic, thermal studies, and X-ray diffraction on the crystals (Yanes, Lopez, Stockel, Peraza, & Torres, 1996) Their basic physical properties observed were reported. The thermal properties of these crystals are studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA)
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