Crystal Structures and Solution Properties of Discrete Complexes Composed of Saddle-Distorted Molybdenum(V)-Dodecaphenylporphyrins and Keggin-Type Heteropolyoxometalates Linked by Direct Coordination

Abstract

Reactions of a saddle-distorted Mo(V)-porphyrin complex, [Mo(DPP)(O)(H(2)O)]ClO(4) (1·ClO(4); DPP(2-) = dodecaphenylporphyrin dianion), with tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) salts of Keggin-type heteropolyoxomatalates (POMs), α-[XW(12)O(40)](n-) (X = P, n = 3, 2; X = Si, n = 4, 3; X = B, n = 5; 4), in ethyl acetate/acetonitrile gave 2:1 complexes formulated as [{Mo(DPP)(O)}(2)(HPW(12)O(40))] (5), [{Mo(DPP)(O)}(2)(H(2)SiW(12)O(40))] (6), and [(n-butyl)(4)N](2)[{Mo(DPP)(O)}(2)(HBW(12)O(40))] (7) under mild reaction conditions. The crystal structures of the complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography. In these three complexes, named Porphyrin Hamburgers, the POM binds to two Mo(V) centers of porphyrin units directly via coordination of two terminal oxo groups. In spite of the similarity of those POM's structures, those Porphyrin Hamburgers exhibit different coordination bond angles between POM and the Mo(V) center in the porphyrin: 5 and 7 show two different coordination bond angles in one molecule in contrast to 6, which exhibits only one coordination bond angle. The Porphyrin Hamburgers involve protonation of the POM moieties to adjust the charge balance, as confirmed by spectroscopic titration with bases. In the crystals, the Porphyrin Hamburgers form two-dimensional (2D) sheets in the ac plane based on π-π interactions among peripheral phenyl substituents. Stacking of the 2D sheets toward the b axis constructs a 3D layered structure involving channels running into the crystallographic [1 0 0] and [0 0 1] directions in the crystal to include solvent molecules of crystallization for 5-7, and also counter cations for 7. Three complexes were revealed to be stable enough to maintain their structures even in solutions to show molecular ion peaks in the MALDI-TOF-MS measurements. They also exhibited different electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals because of the Mo(V) (S = 1/2, I = 0) centers, reflecting the difference in the crystal structures. In addition, these complexes showed reversible multistep redox processes as observed in their cyclic voltammograms in benzonitrile to demonstrate high stability throughout the redox reactions in solution.