Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Aspilia pluriseta led to the isolation of ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids and additional phytochemicals (1–23). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configurations of seven of the ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids (3–6, 6b, 7 and 8) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Eleven of the compounds were also isolated from the roots and the aerial parts of Aspilia mossambicensis. The literature NMR assignments for compounds 1 and 5 were revised. In a cytotoxicity assay, 12α-methoxy-ent-kaur-9(11),16-dien-19-oic acid (1) (IC50 = 27.3 ± 1.9 µM) and 9β-hydroxy-15α-angeloyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3) (IC50 = 24.7 ± 2.8 µM) were the most cytotoxic against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell line, while 15α-angeloyloxy-16β,17-epoxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (5) (IC50 = 30.7 ± 1.7 µM) was the most cytotoxic against adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells.
Highlights
The genus Aspilia belongs to the family Asteraceae
Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are found worldwide, except Antarctica [2]
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance II 600 MHz, a Bruker Avance III HD 800 MHz (Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland) or a Varian Unity 500 MHz (Varian Inc, Palo Alto, CA, USA) NMR spectrometer, using the residual solvent peaks as a reference
Summary
The genus Aspilia belongs to the family Asteraceae. The majority of plants in this family are herbaceous, while trees and shrubs are rare [1]. Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are found worldwide, except Antarctica [2]. They are found in cooler montane habitats or temperate areas in tropical regions, and are not common dwellers of hot lowland tropical rain forests [1,2]. The family of Asteraceae is one of the largest plant families and the richest in vascular plants in the world. The family has about 1,600–1,700 genera and 24,000–30,000 species [1,3,4].
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