Abstract
Three main crystals associate with arthritis: monosodium urate (MSU); calcium pyrophosphate, the usual cause of cartilage calcification (chondrocalcinosis); and basic calcium phosphates (BCP), including hydroxyapatite. Gout is a true crystal deposition disease caused by MSU. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) is the umbrella term for calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals cause inflammation in acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis and chronic calcium pyrophosphate crystal inflammatory arthritis. However, osteoarthritis (OA) commonly associates with calcium pyrophosphate (OA with CPPD) and BCP crystals and, in this context, it is unclear if the crystals are pathogenic.
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