Cryptosporidiosis: An Emerging Zoonotic Disease of Global Public Health Concern

Abstract

Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious emerging zoonotic protozoan disease occurring in both human and animal populations all over the world. Cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a tiny parasite that affects humans as well many species of animals. Although Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis (formerly known as C. parvum anthroponotic genotype or genotype 1) are the most common species causing disease in human beings, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium canis, and Cryptosporidium muris infections have also been reported. Waterborne transmission via drinking water or a swimming pool is common, and outbreaks have been reported in several countries. The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis in humans is watery diarrhea. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to contract serious, long-term, and even fatal infections. The laboratory endeavor is required to make a precise diagnosis of the disease. The demonstration of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in the fecal samples is still used as a simple, easy, and cost-effective technique for the diagnosis of disease. As a preventative and control measure, appropriate hygienic practices must be practiced everywhere. Furthermore, the veterinarians play a crucial role in the treatment of disease in domestic animals.