Abstract
The development of an efficient cryopreservation technique for human oocytes is probably the most important achievement in human assisted reproductive technology (ART) today. Although the first pregnancy from slow-rate frozen oocytes was reported 23 years ago by Chen, the overall efficiency has remained exasperatingly low and has resulted in the cessation of major clinical activity in this area for almost 20 years. Paradoxically, the first wave of advancement was the result of a law that was created to undermine certain advancement in human ART. Skilled and ambitious embryologists in Italy tried to find alternative ways to compensate the negative effects of the strict regulations and, thus, the efficiency of traditional freezing expanded considerably and achieved the level of clinical applicability. However, the breakthrough in the technology was provided by the alternative cryopreservation approach, vitrification.
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