Abstract
Adipose tissue senescence is implicated as a major player in obesity- and ageing-related disorders. There is a growing body of research studying relevant mechanisms in age-related diseases, as well as the use of adipose-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine. The cell banking of tissue by utilising cryopreservation would allow for much greater flexibility of use. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the most commonly used cryopreservative agent but is toxic to cells. Trehalose is a sugar synthesised by lower organisms to withstand extreme cold and drought that has been trialled as a cryopreservative agent. To examine the efficacy of trehalose in the cryopreservation of human adipose tissue, we conducted a systematic review of studies that used trehalose for the cryopreservation of human adipose tissues and adipose-derived stem cells. Thirteen articles, including fourteen studies, were included in the final review. All seven studies that examined DMSO and trehalose showed that they could be combined effectively to cryopreserve adipocytes. Although studies that compared nonpermeable trehalose with DMSO found trehalose to be inferior, studies that devised methods to deliver nonpermeable trehalose into the cell found it comparable to DMSO. Trehalose is only comparable to DMSO when methods are devised to introduce it into the cell. There is some evidence to support using trehalose instead of using no cryopreservative agent.
Highlights
Ageing results in adipose tissue dysfunction, resulting in systemic effects such as peripheral insulin resistance and inflammation
ADSCs show great promise in regenerative medicine as these cells can differentiate into several different cell types, which can be used for tissue regeneration
A variety of concentrations of trehalose and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used, and no significant conclusions can be drawn about the optimum concentration/combinations for optimum adipocyte yield
Summary
Ageing results in adipose tissue dysfunction, resulting in systemic effects such as peripheral insulin resistance and inflammation. Cellular senescence and progenitor cell dysfunction are seen in ageing adipose tissues, and these may represent potential therapeutic targets in age-related disease. Adipose tissue comprises many cell types, generally divided into two fractions: the adipocyte fraction (AF), which contains primarily mature adipocytes, and the stromovascular fraction (SVF), which comprises progenitor cells (including adipose-derived stem cells, ADCSs), pericytes, and fibroblasts. Keeping these cells in long-term culture for clinical use or research has inherent limitations, and cell banking of tissue by utilising cryopreservation would allow for much greater flexibility of use [1]. With regard to the identification of ADSCs, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International
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