Abstract
Trapped-ion systems are among the most promising hardware candidates for large scale quantum computing and quantum simulation. In order to scale up such devices, it is necessary to engineer extreme-high vacuum (XHV) environments to prevent background gas from disrupting the ion crystal. Here we present a new cryogenic ion trapping system designed for long time storage of large ion chains. Our apparatus is based on a segmented-blade ion trap enclosed in a 4 K cryostat, which enables us to routinely trap and hold over 100 171Yb+ ions for hours in a linear configuration, due to low background gas pressure from differential cryo-pumping. We characterize the XHV cryogenic environment measuring pressures below by recording both inelastic and elastic collisions between the ion chain and the molecular background gas. We also demonstrate coherent one and two-qubit operations and nearly equidistant ion spacing for chains of up to 44 ions using anharmonic axial potentials, in order to enable better detection and single ion addressing in large ion arrays. We anticipate that this reliable production and lifetime enhancement of large linear ion chains will enable quantum simulation of models that are intractable with classical computer modeling.
Highlights
Atomic ions confined in radio-frequency Paul traps are the leading platform for quantum simulation of long-range interacting spin models [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The blades are efficiently heat sunk, as they are mounted on a holder made of sapphire, which presents the double advantage of a better thermal conductivity compared to macor or alumina holders and a well matched coefficient of thermal expansion with the alumina blade substrate
In this work we have reported on a new cryogenic ion trap experimental apparatus designed for large scale quantum simulation of spin models
Summary
Atomic ions confined in radio-frequency (rf) Paul traps are the leading platform for quantum simulation of long-range interacting spin models [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] As these systems become larger, classical simulation methods become incapable of modelling the exponentially growing Hilbert space, necessitating quantum simulation for precise predictions. Cooling down the system to cryogenic temperatures turns the inner surfaces into getters that trap most of the residual background gases. This technique, called cryo-pumping, has led to the lowest level of vacuum ever observed (< 5 · 10−17 Torr) [7].
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