Cryogenic System Preliminary Design for a 0.5m-Long, Conduction-Cooled Nb3Sn Undulator Magnet Prototype

Abstract

There are several NbTi superconducting undulator (SCU) magnets currently in operation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The development on Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn-based superconducting undulator magnets at APS is underway due to the potential to further enhance the performance of the SCUs. Superconducting undulator magnets need to keep temperature gradients minimized in order to retain thermal and operating current margin. We have designed the thermal links for efficient heat conduction using 3D finite element analysis (FEA) simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics software, which was later used for the calculation of the temperature distribution across a 0.5 m long, conduction-cooled, Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn undulator magnet prototype that includes both conductive heat transfer and radiative heating components. We have modelled the evolution of the thermal properties of the magnet winding as well as other cold parts during cool-down from ambient temperature with the operation of a SHI RDK-415D cryocooler to examine the estimated time that is needed for the cooldown as well as the baseline temperature we could achieve. A key result was that a maximum coil <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $</tex-math></inline-formula> T = 0.11 K along the designed thermal links and a temperature range of 3.42 K–3.53 K for the winding were predicted at steady state. A pair of G10 support rods for carrying the magnet as well as a pair of current leads made of metals were also designed and optimized for the testing system, targeting for an operation temperature of 4 K and a coil current of 950 A DC.