Abstract
The composition and properties of ore-forming fluids are key to understanding the mechanisms of mineralization in ore deposits. These characteristics can be understood by studying fluid inclusions. Hydrates in fluid inclusions containing NaCl–H2O and MgCl2–H2O were studied using cryogenic Raman spectroscopy. The intensity ratio of peaks at 3401, 3464, 3514, and 3090 cm−1 shows a positive correlation with the concentration of hydrates in the inclusions, as does the ratio of the total integrated area of the MgCl2 hydrate peak (3514 cm−1) to the 3090 cm−1 peak with the concentration of MgCl2 (correlation coefficient >0.90). These correlations are important in the quantitative analysis of MgCl2 in synthetic and natural NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O-bearing fluid inclusions. Semi-quantitative analysis of NaCl–MgCl2–H2O solutions indicates that peaks at 3437 and 3537 cm−1 reflect the presence of NaCl in the solution. Further, a peak at 3514 cm−1 is indicative of the presence of MgCl2. The relative intensities of these peaks may be related to the relative abundances of NaCl and MgCl2. A quantitative attempt was made on NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system, but it was found that quantifying NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 separately in NaCl–MgCl2–CaCl2–H2O system by the secondary freezing method is difficult.
Highlights
Fluid inclusions give insight into the composition of mineralizing fluids and the physical and chemical conditions of mineralization during the trapping of fluids
A quantitative attempt was made on NaCl–MgCl2 –CaCl2 –H2 O system, but it was found that quantifying NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 separately in NaCl–MgCl2 –CaCl2 –H2 O system by the secondary freezing method is difficult
Advances have been made in micro-analytical techniques that can be applied to the in situ analysis of fluid inclusions, including laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) [1,2,3,4,5], secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) [6], particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) [7,8,9], and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR–XRF) [9,10,11,12,13,14]
Summary
Fluid inclusions give insight into the composition of mineralizing fluids and the physical and chemical conditions of mineralization during the trapping of fluids. Advances have been made in micro-analytical techniques that can be applied to the in situ analysis of fluid inclusions, including laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) [1,2,3,4,5], secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) [6], particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) [7,8,9], and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR–XRF) [9,10,11,12,13,14] Most of these methods are destructive and semi-quantitative. The ions that dominate natural fluid inclusions, such as Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Cl− , do not show Raman peaks in the wavelength range measured [21]; low-temperature inorganic salt hydrates containing these ions do show such peaks, meaning they can be measured quantitatively using
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