Abstract
Ti Grade 2 was prepared by cryogenic attritor milling in liquid nitrogen and liquid argon. Two types of milling balls were used—stainless steel balls and heavy tungsten carbide balls. The effect of processing parameters on particle size and morphology, contamination of powder and its microhardness was investigated. Milling in liquid nitrogen was not feasible due to excessive contamination by nitrogen. Minor reduction of particle size and significant alterations in particle morphology depended on type of milling balls and application of stearic acid as processing control agent. Heavily deformed ultra-fine grained (UFG) internal microstructure of powder particles was observed by the method of “transmission Kikuchi diffraction”.
Highlights
Titanium is a promising material for advanced applications thanks to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility
Spherical morphology of the gas atomized particles (Figure 1a) was significantly changed by attritor milling to irregular shape (Figure 1b–d, SA not used) or to thin discs or plates (Figure 1e,f, SA used)
It is well known that α-Ti with low content of impurities remain ductile at cryogenic temperatures [26] as in the case of powders milled in liquid argon (LAr)
Summary
Titanium is a promising material for advanced applications thanks to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. In order to overcome its poor machinability and to reduce material losses, powder metallurgy routes for processing Ti and titanium alloys have been seriously considered since 1980 [1,2] and recently comprehensively reviewed in [3]. Paid to methods of powder production and methods of subsequent compaction. Powder metallurgy represents an opportunity to affect the properties of the final bulk material via manipulating with the powder. Characteristics of powders such as particle size, particle morphology, material contamination and internal microstructure affect the compaction processing and the properties of final bulk products. The properties of bulk materials can be influenced by mechanical milling.
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