Abstract
Existing calibration systems (float type, photoelectric with direct readout, etc.) for certifying gauges for warm liquids cannot be used in certifying cryogenic gauges on account of the specific features of cryogenic media: low boiling points (from 4.2 to 90~ and instability in the pressure, temperature, dielectric constant, etc. Therefore, the best method is to use semiconductor transducers in the calibration system. Semiconductor resistance thermometers are suitable for the purpose [I, 2]. In particular, one can use any semiconductor component with a nominal crystal diameter of 1.0-2.0 mm and a protective coating thickness not more than 0.05-0.1 mm in liquid nitrogen. These transducers have direct heating, and the output signal is displayed via a threshold relay. The direct heating of the sensitive element and the choice of relay threshold determine the mode of operation, which is based on the difference in heat transfer in liquid and vapor.
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