Abstract
Experimental evidence of metastable ion dipoles in solid helium is examined. Similar quasiparticles with positive scattering lengths for injected electrons are assumed to exist in the liquid phases of cryogenic liquids. Phenomena that can be used for detecting and monitoring a dipole gas in superfluid helium (referred to as cryogenic electrolyte) are discussed. The most interesting of these phenomena are: special features of the dielectric behavior of ion dipole gases, the temperature dependence of the ion dipole gas osmotic pressure at the boundary of liquid 3He-4He solution stratification, relaxation phenomena of collective origin in cryogenic electrolytes, and the transformation of the phonon spectrum of liquid helium owing to strong interactions between phonons and heavy dipole quasiparticles.
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