Cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation in octogenarians: a propensity-score matching comparison with a cohort of younger patients

Abstract

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained cardiac arrhythmia in adults with a current estimated prevalence between 2-4% in the general population. AF prevalence increases with advancing age and it is estimated that nearly 10% of octogenarians may be affected by this arrhythmia. In terms of safety and efficacy Cryoballoon ablation (CB-A) has become a valid option for achieving pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients affected by AF. However, data regarding CB-A in octogenarians are still scarce and limited to single center experiences, therefore the present multicenter study aimed to compare the outcomes and complications of index CB-A in patients older than 80 years-old with a cohort of younger patients. Methods and Results We retrospectively enrolled 97 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years who underwent PVI by means of the second generation CB-A. This group was compared with a younger cohort of patients using a 1:1 Propensity score matching. After the matching, 70 patients of the elderly group were analyzed and compared with 70 younger patients (control group). Mean age was 81.4 ± 1.9 years among octogenarians and 65.2 ± 10.2 years in the younger cohort. The global success rate after a median follow up of 23 [18 - 32.5] months was 60.0% in the elderly group and 71.4% in the control group (p = 0.17) (Fig.1). Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) was the most common complication occurring in a total of 11 patients (7.9%): in 6 (8.6%) patients for the elderly group and in 5 patients (7.1%) of the younger group (p = 0.51). PNP always recovered within the day after CB-A and did not hinder electrical isolation of any of the septal PVs. Only 2 (1.4 %) major complications occurred: 1 (1.4%) small femoral artery pseudoaneurysm in the control group, which resolved with a tight groin bandage without the need of surgical repair and 1 (1.4%) case of urosepsis in the elderly group with subsequent acute kidney failure and need of renal replacement therapy. Arrhythmia recurrence during the blanking period (BP) and need of electrical cardioversion (ECV) to restore sinus rhythm after PVI were found to be the only independent predictors of late arrhythmia relapses (Fig.2). Conclusions The present study showed that CB-A PVI is as feasible, safe and effective among octogenarians as it is in younger patients.