CRY–BARs: Versatile light-gated molecular tools for the remodeling of membrane architectures

Abstract

BAR (Bin, Amphiphysin, and Rvs) protein domains are responsible for the generation of membrane curvature and represent a critical mechanical component of cellular functions. Thus, BAR domains have great potential as components of membrane-remodeling tools for cell biologists. In this work, we describe the design and implementation of a family of versatile light-gated I-BAR (inverse BAR) domain containing tools derived from the fusion of the Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 photoreceptor and I-BAR protein domains (“CRY–BARs”) with applications in the remodeling of membrane architectures and the control of cellular dynamics. By taking advantage of the intrinsic membrane-binding propensity of the I-BAR domain, CRY–BARs can be used for spatial and temporal control of cellular processes that require induction of membrane protrusions. Using cell lines and primary neuron cultures, we demonstrate here that the CRY–BAR optogenetic tool evokes membrane dynamic changes associated with cellular activity. Moreover, we provide evidence that ezrin, an actin and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate–binding protein, acts as a relay between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton and therefore is an important mediator of switch function. Overall, we propose that CRY–BARs hold promise as a useful addition to the optogenetic toolkit to study membrane remodeling in live cells.