CRUZAS SIMPLES PROGENITORAS E HÍBRIDO TRILINEAL DE MAÍZ H-53 AE: DENSIDADES Y PRODUCTIVIDAD

Abstract

<p><strong>Background</strong>. The use of improved seeds in Mexico is limited. To increase its use and improve its supply, it is necessary to promote the generation of micro-enterprises; for this, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) work in a coordinated manner on the development of new varieties. <strong>Objective</strong>. To determine the seed productivity by effect of the population density of the trilinear hybrid of H-53 AE maize and its simple progenitor crosses in two environments of Valles Altos. <strong>Methodology</strong>. In the spring-summer cycle of 2014, in Cuautitlán Izcalli and Texcoco, State of Mexico, three genotypes were evaluated: the simple female cross androsterile (M53AE x M59) and fertile version (M53F x M59), as well as the trilineal hybrid H-53 AE. Population densities were 55,000, 70,000, and 85,000 ha<sup>-1</sup> plants, respectively. The variables evaluated were male and female flowering, plant and ear height, volumetric weight, weight of 200 grains, ear length, grains per row, dry matter percentage, and grain percentage. The experimental design employed a factorial design with random complete blocks, and the Tukey method was used for mean comparison. <strong>Results</strong>. The simple crosses, androsterile and fertile, exceeded the performance of the hybrid trilineal H-53 AE (7280 Kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). The population density where genotypes expressed a higher yield was 70, 000 ha<sup>-1</sup> plants, with 8602 Kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, significantly different to 7813 Kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and 7748 Kg ha<sup>-1</sup> for 85,000 and 55, 000 ha<sup>-1</sup> plants, respectively. <strong>Implications</strong>. Further analysis of other environmental factors should be carried out to strengthen the recommendation of the evaluated trilinear hybrid. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The best responses were presented in the population density of 70,000 plants ha<sup>-1</sup>, and the highest average yield of three genotypes and three population densities with 8768 Kg ha<sup>-1</sup> was in the FESC environment (Cuautitlán Izcalli).</p>