Crustal waveguides of sedimentary deposits and conditions for their operation

Abstract

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to develop the theory of crustal waveguides as a new look at the processes of formation of various hydrocarbon deposits. The purpose – identification of new structures – crustal waveguides – active fluid-saturated zones, within which certain types of traps for hydrocarbons can be formed. Research methods. The article analyzes literature sources that consider the phenomenon of oil formation as a result of the evolution of fluid-saturated zones of crustal waveguides and data from X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic analyzes of layered silicates. Results. The conditions for the operation of crustal waveguides are considered from the standpoint of the presence of free matter, methods of its delivery and energy sources, and features of the formation of their structure. The data of studies of the mineral composition of the rocks of the North-Tazovskaya depression of Western Siberia and the features of their hydrothermal-metasomatic alterations are presented. Minerals and their parageneses have been established, indicating the presence of hydrothermal processes accompanying crustal waveguides. The article argues that the processes of alteration of host rocks in various zones of crustal waveguides lead to the formation of special hydrocarbon traps of an unconventional type, established for deep Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deposits in the north of Western Siberia. The theory of crustal waveguides makes it possible to find the relationship between the formation of oil and gas fields and the geoenergetic aspects of the problem of the removal of intraterrestrial heat in various forms, the main of which is hydrothermal activity. The conclusions summarize the main provisions of the theory of crustal waveguides of sedimentary deposits, the conditions for their operation. The necessary conditions are: the presence of free matter in deep zones, energy sources of self-oscillations of the sedimentary strata and deep faults containing them as a result of unloading the stress field of a special kind, taking into account the depths of their formation. Conclusions are also drawn about the mineral composition of hydrothermal solutions associated with crustal waveguides, which affect host rocks and lead to the formation of a new type of metasomatic traps for hydrocarbons.