Abstract
The Sinai Peninsula is a subplate located between the African and Arabian plates. It is an important subplate in the world; however, this region is poorly understood because of the shortage of geophysical data. Thus, this study focuses on built a three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution forward model of the crustal thickness with a new tectonic model and structural evaluation of the Sinai Peninsula to understand this area tectonically and determine its lithospheric and crustal thicknesses. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations of Bouguer gravity, reduced-to-the-pole (RTP) aeromagnetic, and earthquake data are explained to achieve the goals of this study. Two-dimensional (2D) interactive sequential modeling of gravity data is performed along with some well-selected profiles with existing crustal layer depth points from previous works in the studied region. Seventeen 2D models are constructed and used to determine the basement, Conrad (lower crust boundary), and Moho (upper mantle boundary) depths and to build a 3D model. Accuracy of the 3D built model is evaluated by extracting observed, calculated, and residual gravity anomaly maps. The results show that the basement rocks appear on the surface in the South of Sinai and deepen (down to 4.5 km) toward the North. The Conrad surface varies approximately from 16 km (in the northeast and southwest of Sinai) to 22.8 km (in the southeast). The Moho surface depth (i.e., crustal thickness) varies approximately from 28.8 to 34.2 km, and it deepens toward the northeastern and southwestern parts of Sinai. A tentative basement structure map is constructed from the horizontal gradient (H-gradient) filter and the 3D Euler deconvolution of the Bouguer gravity and RTP aeromagnetic data. Correlation between the geological background of the study area and the obtained results suggests that the Sinai Peninsula is tectonically active, mainly in its southern portion due to the tectonic movements along the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. The crustal thickness increases southward and thins northward.
Highlights
The Sinai Peninsula is a subplate that has been interacting over recent geological time with the southeastern Mediterranean plate
The regional–residual separation technique has been applied to RTP aeromagnetic and Bouguer anomaly maps to define the deep and shallow tectonic trends in the study area that affect the basement surface and the overlying sedimentary layer
Abdel-Rahman et al (2009) reported that recent earthquakes all over the Sinai Peninsula are larger than historical ones, which agrees with the region's neotectonic reactivation models
Summary
The Sinai Peninsula is a subplate that has been interacting over recent geological time with the southeastern Mediterranean plate. A tentative basement structural map (Fig. 10) showing the distribution of fractures along the Sinai region was extracted from the 3D Euler map compiled from the RTP aeromagnetic and Bouguer data. The H-gradient map of Bouguer anomaly data (Fig. 11A) shows sharp, curved NW and NE lines parallel to the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. These lines represent the faults that influence the tectonics of the area.
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