Crustal structure of accreted terranes in southern Alaska, Chugach Mountains and Copper River Basin, from seismic refraction results

Abstract

Seismic refraction data were collected along a 320‐km‐long “Transect” line in southern Alaska, crossing the Prince William, Chugach, Peninsular, and Wrangellia terranes, and along several shorter lines within individual terranes. Velocity structure in the upper crust (less than 9‐km depth) differs among the four terranes. In contrast, layers in the middle crust (9‐ to 25‐km depth) in some cases extend across projected terrane boundaries. The following observations can be made: (1) An intermediate‐velocity layer (6.4 km/s) at 9‐km depth extends across the deep projection of the suture between the Chugach and Peninsular terranes, suggesting that the northern Chugach and southern Peninsular terranes are detached and rest on a deeper terrane of unknown origin. (2) The top of a gently north dipping sequence of low‐ and high‐velocity layers (5.7–7.8 km/s), more than 10 km thick, extends from near the surface in the southern Chugach terrane to more than 20‐km depth beneath the southern Peninsular terrane. This sequence, truncated by the suture between the Prince William and Chugach terranes, is interpreted to be an underplated “terrane” made up of fragments of the Kula plate and its sedimentary overburden that were accreted during subduction in the late Mesozoic and/or early Tertiary, during or between times of accretion of the Prince William and Chugach terranes. (3) A thick crustal “root”, with a laminated sequence at its top, extends from a depth of 19 km to as much as 57 km beneath the northern Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes. This root extends across the deep projection of the suture between the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes, although resolution of this apparent crosscutting relationship is relatively poor. This root may represent tectonically or, possibly, magmatically emplaced rocks. The lower crust beneath the Prince William, Chugach, and southern Peninsular terranes includes a north dipping, 3‐ to 8‐km‐thick section of subducting oceanic crust.