Crumb Rubber in Alkaline Activated Clay Roof Tiles at Low Temperature

Abstract

The continuous increase in vehicle uptake escalates the number of rubber tyre waste to avoid landfilling and stockpiling. The present research focused on the sustainable use of crumb rubber in clay roof tiles. Tile samples were fabricated by heating the compacted mixtures at 50°C for 72 h, followed by increasing the temperature to 200°C for 24 h. Clay, crumb rubber, NaOH, and Na2SiO3 with a 10% alkaline activator were adopted. The weight of the crumb rubber was 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to study the phases and microstructures of the samples. The present study found that the optimum crumb rubber concentration was 0.5%, and 1% satisfied the standard requirement for the roof tiles.