Abstract
This chapter studies the fuel-optimal cruising strategies of parallel hybrid electric vehicles and their underlying mechanisms. We formulate a discontinuous nonlinear optimal control problem to achieve fuel-optimal operations, and solve this problem using the Legendre pseudospectral method and knotting technique. Besides, three optimal cruising strategies in free/fixed-speed cruising scenarios are proposed: vehicle speed pulse-and-glide strategy (Speed-PnG), SOC pulse-and-glide strategy (SOC-PnG), and constant speed strategy (CS). Then we compare the performance and optimal behaviors of their engine and motor operations, and study their fuel-saving mechanisms. Finally, two principles to compromise between fuel economy and ride comfort are proposed and studied.
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