Abstract
Prevention of air pollution from ships, according to MARPOL Annex VI, regulates the emission of specific pollutants contained in the exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In this paper, the Port of Kotor is analysed as a case study because of its distinct geographical features, permanent attraction for tourists, and the title of the third busiest port in the Adriatic in 2017. Ships arriving to the Port of Kotor represent one of the major sources of air pollution not only in the Port area, but also in Boka Kotorska Bay as an approach route towards the Port. For calculation of air pollution inventory in this case study, ship engines’ power method was used. The focus of the research analysis is on the cruise ships visiting the Port of Kotor in 2018. For that reason, all ships under 500 GT were excluded from the analysis. The pollution shows clear seasonal pattern characteristic for ports in the Mediterranean. This behaviour is emphasised as an increasing problem that needs to be addressed. The seasonal pattern causes 82.6% of all air pollution from cruise vessels concentrated in the period from May to November.
Highlights
Boka Kotorska Bay (Figure 1) is the largest bay in the Adriatic Sea; the name is derived from the town of Kotor situated at the bottom of the bay, 15.5 Nm from the narrow bay entrance
There were several studies of the impact of pollution caused by the amount of the traffic in the approaches to the Port of Kotor and in Boka Kotorska Bay (Dragovic, Tzannatos, Tselentis, Meštrović and Škurić, 2015) as well as studies how to optimise the overcrowding of the area (Škurić, Maraš, 2017; Kofjač, Škurić, Dragović and Škraba, 2013)
Air pollution from marine traffic is regulated by the resolution adopted in 1997 by the Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) (EU research, Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts, 2014)
Summary
Boka Kotorska Bay (Figure 1) is the largest bay in the Adriatic Sea; the name is derived from the town of Kotor situated at the bottom of the bay, 15.5 Nm from the narrow bay entrance. This area is the ‘’one of the most attractive cruising destinations in the Adriatic Sea’’ (Nikolić, Gagić and Ivošević, 2016), showing ‘’ great potential in terms of economy, and great danger if environmental issues are taken into consideration’’ (Nikolić, Gagić and Ivošević, 2016). Where: D - Distance travelled [m], V - Average ship speed [m/s], ME - Main engine power [kW], LFME - Main engine load factor [ %], AE – Auxiliary engine power [kW], LFAE – Auxiliary engine load factor [ %], EF - Emission factor, depending on the type of fuel and the engine speed [g/kWh], T – Average time spent at berth or manoeuvring per call [h]
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