Abstract
The essential oil from Croton argyrophyllus Kunth is known for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities, and is recognized as a source of phytochemicals for potential use in pharmaceutic and food sectors. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been produced to load Croton argyrophyllus (CA) Kunth essential oil (CAEO) and its antioxidant properties evaluated in vitro as a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Cetyl palmitate SLN loading CAEO (CAEO-SLN) with a mean particle size of 201.4 ± 2.3 nm (polydispersity index 0.211) have been produced by hot high-pressure homogenisation. The release of the oil followed the Korsmeyers-Peppas model. The risk of lipid peroxidation has been determined by applying the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) standard assay. The antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity of the antioxidants existing in CAEO to scavenge the stable radical DPPH•. The cytotoxicity of CA Kunth essential oil-loaded SLN (CAEO-SLN) was evaluated in a human cell line SH-SY5Y (derived from human neuroblastoma) by determining the reduction of the yellow dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Both free essential oil (fEO) and loaded essential oil (CAEO-SLN) were demonstrated to inhibit the Fenton reaction. CAEO-SLN showed DPPH• radical scavenging capacity. The loading of the oil into cetyl palmitate SLN reduced the risk of cytotoxicity.
Highlights
Antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, and antioxidant properties have been attributed to the essential oils of several Croton species [1,2,3]
Compounds belonging to terpenoids class may show cytotoxic, antitumor and antibacterial activity [8,9], while a combination of the antioxidant activity with cytotoxic and antitumoral effects was shown to be instrumental to explain the interest of essential oils for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications [10,11]
× 100 where Wa is the mass of essential oil utilized for the development of Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), WL is the mass of lipid added for the development of SLN, and Ws is the mass of essential oil quantified in the supernatant
Summary
Antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, and antioxidant properties have been attributed to the essential oils of several Croton species [1,2,3]. Compounds belonging to terpenoids class may show cytotoxic, antitumor and antibacterial activity [8,9], while a combination of the antioxidant activity with cytotoxic and antitumoral effects was shown to be instrumental to explain the interest of essential oils for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications [10,11]. Because of their chemical composition, essential oils from other species have shown cytotoxic activities in a variety of cell lines [12,13]. We have thoroughly characterized the release, antioxidant, and cytotoxic profiles of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Croton argyrophyllus Kunth when loaded in cetyl palmitate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
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