Crosstalk between Yeast Cell Plasma Membrane Ergosterol Content and Cell Wall Stiffness under Acetic Acid Stress Involving Pdr18.

Ricardo A Ribeiro,Tiago T Robalo,Isabel Sá-Correia,Fábio Fernandes,Mário S Rodrigues,Cláudia P Godinho,Miguel V Vitorino

doi:10.3390/jof8020103

Ricardo A Ribeiro, Tiago T Robalo + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020103

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Abstract

Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in several industrial bioprocesses, in particular in lignocellulosic yeast biorefineries. Cell envelope remodeling, involving cell wall and plasma membrane composition, structure and function, is among the mechanisms behind yeast adaptation and tolerance to stress. Pdr18 is a plasma membrane ABC transporter of the pleiotropic drug resistance family and a reported determinant of acetic acid tolerance mediating ergosterol transport. This study provides evidence for the impact of Pdr18 expression in yeast cell wall during adaptation to acetic acid stress. The time-course of acetic-acid-induced transcriptional activation of cell wall biosynthetic genes (FKS1, BGL2, CHS3, GAS1) and of increased cell wall stiffness and cell wall polysaccharide content in cells with the PDR18 deleted, compared to parental cells, is reported. Despite the robust and more intense adaptive response of the pdr18Δ population, the stress-induced increase of cell wall resistance to lyticase activity was below parental strain levels, and the duration of the period required for intracellular pH recovery from acidification and growth resumption was higher in the less tolerant pdr18Δ population. The ergosterol content, critical for plasma membrane stabilization, suffered a drastic reduction in the first hour of cultivation under acetic acid stress, especially in pdr18Δ cells. Results revealed a crosstalk between plasma membrane ergosterol content and cell wall biophysical properties, suggesting a coordinated response to counteract the deleterious effects of acetic acid.

Highlights

Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in industrial bioprocesses, in particular in lignocellulosic biorefineries
Pdr18 was found to be essential for the maintenance of the plasma membrane ergosterol content in unstressed cells and adapted cells exponentially growing in the presence of acetic acid [17]
Cellular ergosterol was assessed during the latency phase induced by acetic acid, in cells expressing PDR18 or not (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in industrial bioprocesses, in particular in lignocellulosic biorefineries. For this reason, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation and tolerance to this stress is essential for the rational improvement of yeast cell robustness [1,2,3,4]. Several genome-wide approaches have allowed a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in yeast’s response and adaptation to acetic acid stress [2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]

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