Cross-sectional survey and analysis of factors influencing the prevalence of dental caries among older individuals aged 65-74 in Guangdong Province in 2021

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of oral diseases is subject to change over time. In 2021, Guangdong Province conducted its fourth survey assessing the oral health status of individuals aged 65–74.Materials and methodsEvaluation criteria and potential influencing factors were identified. A sample of residents aged 65–74 from 13 designated monitoring sites in Guangdong Province was randomly selected for the study. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the clinical correlation between influencing factors and evaluation criteria. Negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were utilized to examine the factors influencing caries prevalence. In contrast, logistic regression was employed to identify the risk factors for caries occurrence. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of caries rate of crowns, roots, and teeth were 76.36%, 52.25%, and 79.2%, respectively. Individuals with periodontal pockets exhibited a significantly higher risk of root caries. The presence of dental calculus significantly exacerbated the occurrence of crown, root, and dental caries, and increased the risk of crown and dental caries. Consuming sweet foods once or more a week notably increased the average root decayed score (D of roots), the prevalence rate of root caries, and the D score of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth [DMFT] index in individuals already afflicted with this condition. Similarly, the consumption of sweetened drinks significantly elevated the risk of crown and root caries, exacerbating overall caries progression. Frequencies of manual toothbrush and toothpick cleaning showed a negative correlation with average tooth missing score (MT). In contrast, the frequency of manual/electric toothbrush and toothpick cleaning was negatively correlated with the DMFT index. Engaging in dental diagnosis and treatment behaviors significantly increased the number of filled crowns (F), MT, and DMFT scores while reducing the prevalence of dental caries.ConclusionsIn Guangdong Province, caries prevalence among older individuals aged 65–74 remains substantial. Relevant professionals and institutions must provide comprehensive guidance and assistance to the older population, emphasizing the importance of reducing the consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages, adopting correct tooth brushing techniques and frequency (at least twice daily), timely treatment of periodontal diseases, conducting regular epidemiological caries surveys, and addressing economic barriers to accessing caries diagnosis and treatment services.