Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reviewing and discussing the role of the oral microbiome in periodontitis and CVD. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2004 to 2016. We selected 9973 patients with periodontitis and 125,304 controls (non-periodontitis) from 173,209 participants and analyzed their medical histories to determine the relationship between cerebral stroke/ischemic heart disease and periodontitis. The participants were questioned about any previous history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cerebral stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic), ischemic heart disease (angina or myocardial infarction), and periodontitis. Their body mass index, smoking habit, alcohol intake, nutritional intake, and income were recorded. The Chi-square test, independent t-test, and two-tailed analyses were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted OR (aOR) of periodontitis for stroke was 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–1.57, p < 0.001). The aOR of periodontitis for ischemic heart disease was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.22–1.48, p < 0.001). We concluded that periodontitis was associated with CVD and may be a risk factor for CVD. However, further studies are required to determine the association between periodontal treatment and CVD.
Highlights
IntroductionThe term human microbiota refers to the microorganisms that reside on or within the human body, and the human microbiome (which is the aggregate of all the microbiota) contributes to both health and disease [1,2,3]
The term human microbiota refers to the microorganisms that reside on or within the human body, and the human microbiome contributes to both health and disease [1,2,3]
The development of culture-independent bacterial DNA sequencing techniques can aid in the identification of the characteristics of this vast microbiome and abnormalities in the microbiota; several researchers have been interested in the effects of microbiome dysbiosis on the immune system [2,3]
Summary
The term human microbiota refers to the microorganisms that reside on or within the human body, and the human microbiome (which is the aggregate of all the microbiota) contributes to both health and disease [1,2,3]. The vast bacterial microbiome is a key component in the development of the mucosal barrier and the innate and adaptive immune systems [2,3,4]. Commensal microbiota can cause chronic inflammation and immune disturbances in diseased states, owing to the disruption of the mucosal barrier, while dysbiosis of the microbiota is associated with the development and exacerbation of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease [1,5,6,7]. While the mortality rate of CVD has decreased, the number of deaths associated with it has increased over the last
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
