Abstract
Soluble starch xanthate (SX) with a degree of substitution (D. S.) ranging from 0.09 to 0.56 reacted with vinyl monomers (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, or styrene) and hydrogen peroxide to form aqueous gels of crosslinked starch—poly(vinyl monomer) graft copolymer. The reaction progress was followed by viscometry while investigating the effects of varied D. S. and monomer and peroxide levels. Solids, precipitated from the gels by ethanol, were analyzed for nitrogen and sulfur and their compositions were calculated. The vinyl monomer polymerization ranged from 30 to 98% in the grafting. A residual sulfur content was equivalent to a remainder xanthate D. S. of 0.04 to 0.24. Infrared absorption spectra verified copolymer formations and indicated that homo-polymer formation was minimal.
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