Cross-Linked Chitosan-Glyoxal/Kaolin Clay Composite: Parametric Optimization for Color Removal and COD Reduction of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye

Ali H Jawad,Mohammad Rizwan Khan,Zeid A Alothman,Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed,Zaher Mundher Yaseen,Elmira Kashi

doi:10.1007/s10924-021-02188-1

Abstract

Kaolin clay (KN) was employed as an inorganic filler to modify a cross-linked chitosan-glyoxal as Schiff’s-based chitosan composite derivative (CTS-GLY). The resulting (CTS-GLY/KN) was found to be a promising composite synthetic biopolymer that can be potentially utilized for color removal as well as COD reduction of an industrial anionic dye (remazol brilliant blue R, RBBR). The surface porosity, crystallinity, morphology, functionality, charge, and amine content of the CTS-GLY/KN were studied using BET, XRD, SEM, FTIR, pHpzc and pH-potentiometric titration analyses, respectively. Response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was used to optimize the impact of the main input factors on the color removal and COD reduction of RBBR. The adsorptive performance CTS-GLY/KN towards RBBR was well-defined by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with highest adsorption capacity of 447.1 mg/g at 30 °C. This finding reveals that CTS-GLY/KN can be utilized as a promising, feasible, and environmentally friendly composite-biosorbent for color removal and COD reduction of textile dyes from aqueous medium.

Highlights

The considerable usage of organic dyes and pollutants in numerous industries such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, rubber, and paper generate a vast number of effluents containing dyes [1]
The results demonstrate a satisfactory value of 27.4% free amine groups (%) in the CTS-GLY/Kaolin clay (KN) composite, suggesting a good potential for adsorbing the Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) molecules
Similar observations have been reported in our previous studies for the improvement the surface area of the crosslinked chitosan by intercalation of the KN clay in its structure [41, 42]

Summary

Introduction

The considerable usage of organic dyes and pollutants in numerous industries such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, rubber, and paper generate a vast number of effluents containing dyes [1]. The release of the effluents into water bodies causes significant variations to appear in water attributes including color, pH, and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as detrimental effects on human health [2]. Severe dye residues are one of the significant attributes of textile wastewater, which can prevent sunlight penetration into water bodies resulting in reduction in photosynthetic activities of aquatic life [3]. One of the most frequent pollutants is COD, indicating the existence of organic compounds in wastewater [4]. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye is a reactive dye commonly used as an initial ingredient for generating polymeric dyes in textiles [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion