Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Hebrew version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire – long and short versions

Abstract

Purpose To translate, validate, and culturally adapt the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) and IEQ Short Form (IEQ-SF) into Hebrew, as measuring tools for examining feelings of injustice in cases of accidents and chronic pain. Methods The translation was performed in several steps following the cross-cultural adaptation process. A sample of 150 patients suffering from traumatic injury fill out a battery of questionnaires: IEQ, IEQ-SF, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), which were used for calculating construct validity. A test–retest was performed on 41 patients. Results The IEQ and IEQ-SF found Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. Test–retest reliability for IEQ (ICC: 0.94) was found to be excellent. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between IEQ and PCS was 0.68, NPRS (severe pain: 0.45, average pain: 0.51), HADS (anxiety: 0.62, depression: 0.60). The correlation between IEQ-SF and PCS was 0.67, with HADS (anxiety: 0.52, depression: 0.48). A weak correlation was found for NPRS (severe pain: 0.30, average pain: 0.34). Conclusions The Israeli translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the IEQ and IEQ-SF questionnaires were found to be valid and reliable. Implications for rehabilitation The perception of injustice is a significant mental and psychological factor for recovery after accidents and injuries. This study translated, validated and culturally adapted the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) and the short form into Hebrew. The questionnaires were found to be valid and reliable in Hebrew.