Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Portuguese language version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire in Brazilian adults

Priscila Carvalho Santos,Wanderson Roberto Da Silva,Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos,João Marôco

doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01309-y

Abstract

To develop a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire and estimate the psychometric properties of the EADES factorial model for young Brazilian adults and also to assess the association between EADES factors and age, body mass index (BMI), and economic level. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using a standardized protocol. The psychometric properties were assessed separately for each sex. A structural model for each sex was developed to investigate the influence of age, economic level, and BMI on the EADES factors. A total of 1240 participants completed the study [65.8% female, mean age 23.91 (SD = 5.03) years]. The EADES original factorial model did not present good psychometric properties. Then, a factorial model proposed for a Mexican sample was tested and a different model was fitted for each sex. The results showed that younger women have lower self-efficacy and self-confidence and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. Women with a higher economic level have lower self-efficacy. Higher BMI was associated with lower self-efficacy and self-confidence in both sexes. Younger men have lower self-efficacy and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the EADES provided valid and reliable data after refinement, and a different model was fitted for each sex. Sex, age, BMI, and economic level were significantly associated with the EADES factors. Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

Highlights

Emotional eating can be understood as a behavior to select and eat specific foods in an attempt to change, relieve, or reinforce feelings, as well as dealing with positive or negative experiences [1, 2]
As for the economic level, 29.1% were classified as high, 57.3%, medium–high, 13.2%, medium–low, and 4.0%, low
As a third aim, we investigated whether sex, age, economic level, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with the concepts evaluated by the Emotions and Stress (EADES) aiming to find groups vulnerable to emotional eating

Summary

Introduction

Emotional eating can be understood as a behavior to select and eat specific foods in an attempt to change, relieve, or reinforce feelings, as well as dealing with positive or negative experiences [1, 2]. Positive emotions such as happiness can influence food intake to reinforce the positive feeling,. The literature has suggested the use of psychometric instruments [7, 13,14,15,16,17,18] to assess eating based on emotion or stress as a unique concept or as part of an eating behavior. The Positive–Negative Emotional Eating Scale [16] and the Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale [13] do not assess copying mechanisms

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion