Cross-Talk in Nucleotide Signaling in Glioma C6 Cells.

Abstract

The chapter is focused on the mechanism of action of metabotropic P2Y nucleotide receptors: P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y12, P2Y14 and the ionotropic P2X7 receptor in glioma C6 cells. P2Y1 and P2Y12 both respond to ADP, but while P2Y1 links to PLC and elevates cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, P2Y12 negatively couples to adenylate cyclase, maintaining cAMP at low level. In glioma C6, these two P2Y receptors modulate activities of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling and the effects depend on physiological conditions of the cells. During prolonged serum deprivation, cell growth is arrested, the expression of the P2Y1 receptor strongly decreases and P2Y12 becomes a major player responsible for ADP-evoked signal transduction. The P2Y12 receptor activates ERK1/2 kinase phosphorylation (a known cell proliferation regulator) and stimulates Akt activity, contributing to glioma invasiveness. In contrast, P2Y1 has an inhibitory effect on Akt pathway signaling. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor, often responsible for apoptotic fate, is not involved in Ca2+elevation in C6 cells. The shift in nucleotide receptor expression from P2Y1 to P2Y12 during serum withdrawal, the cross talk between both receptors and the lack of P2X7 activity shows the precise self-regulating mechanism, enhancing survival and preserving the neoplastic features of C6 cells.