Abstract
Introduction: Sodium is the major extracellular cation, playing important role in maintaining homeostasis. Normal level of serum sodium is between 136-145 mmol/L. Hyponatremia (<136mmol/L) can present with nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy, disorientation.Severe hyponatremia (<125mmol/L) can present with seizures, coma or death.
 Methods: Our study was a cross sectional, retrospective study including 100 subjects of hyponatremia.
 Results: In our study, we analyzed the age-wise distribution, severity and various causes of hyponatremia in each grade of hyponatremia based on severity.
 Conclusion: Drug-induced hyponatremia is a more prevalent and a preventable cause and can be avoided by proper monitoring of patients.
Highlights
Sodium is the major extracellular cation, playing important role in maintaining homeostasis
The subjects are grouped into 3 categories of hyponatremia and their mean and SD with the p value significance is analyzed
The major etiologies under which hyponatremia cases were categorized was under Diabetes Mellitus (DM),Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD), Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone production (SIADH),use of diuretics, Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), other causes of infection and miscellaneous causes of unknown aetiology categorised as others
Summary
Sodium is the major extracellular cation, playing important role in maintaining homeostasis. Normal level of serum sodium is between 136-145 mmol/L. Hyponatremia is a pathophysiologic process with water imbalance .So the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder is very important [1]. Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone secretion is an important cause for the situation in elderly. Studies have explored an increased chance of cognitive impairment and fracture risk in the elderly with hyponatremia [3]. The main aim of treatment is to increase serum sodium levels to a safe range, at the same time avoiding rapid correction of the dyselectrolytemia [4]. The hypoosmolality and hypotonicity due to reduced serum sodium levels can cause movement of water from extracellular to intracellular space and induce brain swelling.
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